Module 4: Budgeting and Forecasting
Topics
1. Key Components of a Budget
• Effective budgeting includes revenue projections, cost of goods sold (COGS), operating expenses, and CapEx, all aligned with strategic goals
• Key Insight: Accurate budgeting ensures resources are allocated efficiently to maintain competitiveness, especially when dealing with high fixed costs and R&D expenditures in both industries
2. Forecasting Techniques
• Use of short-term and long-term forecasts allows companies to anticipate operational needs and strategic investments
• Key Insight: Scenario planning and rolling forecasts provide flexibility in managing uncertainties such as commodity price changes (chemicals) or defense budget adjustments
3. Budgeting Process
• The process of setting goals, analyzing historical data, and adjusting based on key assumptions ensures financial alignment with corporate strategy
• Key Insight: The long-term nature of investments in both industries requires forward-looking budgets that incorporate economic, regulatory, and technological trends
4. Industry-Specific Challenges
• Both industries face unique challenges such as volatile commodity prices (chemical) or government contract timing (defense)
• Key Insight: Dynamic forecasting and regular budget reviews help manage these uncertainties and prevent budget overruns